Both can be (and often are) true.
Many dysfunctions involve fixation on (or regression to) characteristics that were more appropriate to an earlier stage of development. Sometimes this fixation is due to fear of the pain or the loss that will be associated with progressing to a more inclusive orientation.
And yes, this does involve subconscious frames (as does all growth and development).
Little bit of a ‘straw man’ here. Was not suggesting that learning or maturation must be exclusively conscious.
Ideally, we do, as we grow, learn (whether the learning is consciously driven or not) to value and to include the experiences, contributions, and perspectives of others. A failure to learn this will (and does) result in minimizing, negating, or belittling the value of others. Happens far too often.
Spending money (thankfully) doesn’t have to involve the abuse, bullying or putting down of others. But we are aware that the two often coexist quite (un-)happily, yes?
I agree with your points and I also agree with my own.
I would even combine them to say:
Trauma-fixated egos (and minds) often do not mature optimally.